Cocaine is a substance with a complex history and profound effects on the human brain. Most people recognize cocaine as an addictive, harmful substance, but there are many misconceptions about the drug. As we attempt to unravel the mysteries that surround its origins, addictive nature, and treatment options, the burning question is, “Is cocaine a stimulant or depressant?”
What Is Cocaine?
Cocaine is a powerfully addictive stimulant drug. It increases the speed of messaging between the brain and body. This makes people feel more confident, energetic, and alert. Common slang and street names for cocaine include:
- Coke
- Dust
- Nose candy
- Snow
- Blow
- Binge
- Aunt Nora
- Paradise
- White
- Toot
- Charlie
- Rock
Cocaine Comes in Two Forms
- Powdered, which is water-soluble hydrochloride salt
- Freebase or crack cocaine, which is the water-insoluble base
Cocaine can be difficult to distinguish from other powdered substances. It’s typically white or off-white and can look like heroin or methamphetamine. It can also resemble household substances, like talcum powder.
What Does Cocaine Smell Like?
The smell of cocaine varies. Sometimes it smells sweet and flowery. Other times, it smells like gasoline, burnt rubber, or melting plastic. Most people can’t detect the odor unless they’re holding cocaine close to them.
How is Cocaine Ingested?
Because cocaine comes in different forms, there are also different methods of ingestion. The powder form is commonly snorted or dissolved for injection. Others focus on freebasing cocaine or smoking it in its “crack” form.
How Long Does Cocaine Last?
The speed of onset of cocaine’s effects, as well as the total duration, is influenced by how it’s used:
- Snorting: Effects felt within 3-5 minutes and persist for up to 20 minutes
- Smoking: Effects felt within 5-10 seconds and persist for up to 20 minutes
- Intravenous use: Effects felt within 5-10 seconds and persist for up to 20 minutes
- Oral ingestion: Effects felt within 10-30 minutes and persist for up to 90 minutes
Most people think of cocaine as a fun party drug for enhancing a social experience. But can you overdose on cocaine? The risk of a cocaine overdose is fairly high due to uneven levels of the cocaine’s purity. Overdose deaths involving cocaine rose from 3,822 in 1999 to 14,666 in 2018.
Historical Context
Originally used by indigenous populations for its stimulating properties, it wasn’t until the 19th century that cocaine captured the interest of the Western world. In the early 1900s, cocaine found its way into various products, including the original formulation of Coca-Cola.
Due to its potential for abuse and addiction, legal restrictions were imposed on cocaine, classifying it as a controlled substance. It’s now a Schedule II drug, which means it has a high potential for misuse, but doctors can administer it in rare cases. Today, cocaine remains a significant public health concern, contributing to various social and health-related issues.
Cocaine Stats and Facts
The World Health Organization estimates that around 18.7 million people globally use cocaine. This alarming figure shows the widespread impact of this substance.
Why Is Cocaine So Addictive?
Cocaine’s addictive nature can be attributed to its strong impact on the brain’s reward system. The drug interferes with the reabsorption of neurotransmitters, mainly dopamine, leading to an abnormal accumulation in the brain’s synapses. This gathering results in intense feelings of pleasure and euphoria, creating a powerful reinforcement effect.
The brain is wired to seek pleasure and reward. It becomes conditioned to crave the sensations produced by cocaine. Over time, this creates a cycle of increasing use as individuals chase the initial high. The desire to use becomes overwhelming, contributing to the highly addictive nature of cocaine.
Is Cocaine a Stimulant or Depressant?
Cocaine falls under the category of stimulants, which are substances that elevate mood, increase alertness, and produce a sense of energy. Cocaine achieves this by boosting the levels of dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with pleasure and reward, in the brain.
When taken, cocaine rapidly enters the bloodstream and crosses the blood-brain barrier. This leads to a surge in dopamine levels. This increase creates the intense feelings of euphoria and heightened energy that users seek.
What Are the Signs and Symptoms of Cocaine Abuse?
Identifying symptoms of cocaine abuse is important for early intervention and treatment. Recognizing the signs and symptoms can prompt timely action and support.
Physical Signs of Cocaine Abuse:
- Dilated pupils
- Increased heart rate and blood pressure
- Restlessness and hyperactivity
- Nosebleeds (from snorting)
- Rapid weight loss
Behavioral Signs of Cocaine Abuse:
- Hyperactivity followed by periods of lethargy
- Erratic behavior
- Social withdrawal
- Financial difficulties
- Neglect of responsibilities
Psychological Signs of Cocaine Abuse
- Intense mood swings
- Paranoia and anxiety
- Agitation and irritability
- Impaired judgment and decision-making
Exploring these signs in greater detail can empower you and/or your loved ones to recognize and address potential cocaine abuse issues effectively.
What Is Cocaine Treatment Like?
Recovery from cocaine addiction involves a comprehensive approach, combining medical and behavioral interventions. The treatment process typically includes:
Detoxification
In a medically supervised setting, individuals undergo detox to manage withdrawal symptoms effectively. This phase addresses the physical dependence on cocaine.
Behavioral Therapies
Therapies such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) play a crucial role in helping individuals identify and change negative patterns of thinking and behavior associated with drug use.
Support Groups
Participating in support groups, like Narcotics Anonymous (NA), provides individuals with a sense of community and understanding as they navigate recovery.
Relapse Prevention
Developing coping mechanisms and strategies to prevent relapse is a crucial component of treatment. This often involves identifying triggers and developing healthy alternatives.
Aftercare
Continued support through aftercare programs helps individuals maintain their recovery and address challenges that may arise post-treatment.
Cocaine Abuse Treatment at Aliya
Cocaine use can worsen progressively. Many people find themselves wanting to quit but don’t feel like they can. If you’re addicted to cocaine, it’s essential to seek evidence-based treatment. At Aliya Health Group, our cocaine addiction treatment center team is committed to providing an individualized program of care that meets the unique needs of each client.
Through a transitional model of care that provides a selection of structured environments, you’re able to seamlessly transition from higher levels of care to independence. Our clinical program includes traditional therapies like individual, group, and family therapy as well as alternative approaches such as EMDR, massage therapy, yoga, acupuncture, chiropractic services, psychodrama, and fitness. Contact us today to get the help you need.
